.signal-root{--sg-bg:#0a0a0a;--sg-surface:#171717;--sg-surface-2:#262626;--sg-line:#ffffff1a;--sg-line-strong:#ffffff26;--sg-ink:#fafafa;--sg-muted:#a1a1a1;--sg-faint:#737373;--sg-accent:#fafafa;--sg-accent-strong:#fff;--sg-lead:#fafafa;--sg-mark:#171717;--sg-mark-strong:#262626;--sg-chip-bg:#262626;--sg-chip-ink:#a1a1a1;--sg-accent-contrast:#0a0a0a;--sg-btn-bg:#fafafa;--sg-btn-ink:#171717;--sg-secondary-bg:#262626;--sg-secondary-hover:#333;--lightningcss-light: ;--lightningcss-dark:initial;color-scheme:dark}:root[data-sg-theme=light] .signal-root{--sg-bg:#fff;--sg-surface:#fafafa;--sg-surface-2:#f5f5f5;--sg-line:#e5e5e5;--sg-line-strong:#d4d4d4;--sg-ink:#0a0a0a;--sg-muted:#737373;--sg-faint:#a3a3a3;--sg-accent:#0a0a0a;--sg-accent-strong:#000;--sg-lead:#0a0a0a;--sg-mark:#f5f5f5;--sg-mark-strong:#e5e5e5;--sg-chip-bg:#f5f5f5;--sg-chip-ink:#737373;--sg-accent-contrast:#fafafa;--sg-btn-bg:#171717;--sg-btn-ink:#fafafa;--sg-secondary-bg:#f5f5f5;--sg-secondary-hover:#e5e5e5;--lightningcss-light:initial;--lightningcss-dark: ;color-scheme:light}.signal-root{background:var(--sg-bg);color:var(--sg-ink);scroll-behavior:smooth;min-height:100vh;font-family:Charter,Georgia,Times New Roman,serif;font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.65}.signal-root a{color:inherit}.signal-root a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--sg-accent);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:2px}.sg-side{background:var(--sg-surface);border-right:1px solid var(--sg-line);flex-direction:column;width:272px;padding:1.6rem 0 1.2rem;display:flex;position:fixed;inset:0 auto 0 0;overflow:clip}.sg-cta{border-top:1px solid var(--sg-line);margin-top:auto;padding:1.2rem 1.4rem 0}.sg-cta a{text-align:center;background:var(--sg-btn-bg);color:var(--sg-btn-ink);border:1px solid var(--sg-line);border-radius:8px;padding:.62rem .8rem;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;transition:filter .15s;display:block}.sg-cta a:hover{filter:brightness(1.08)}.sg-brand{border-bottom:1px solid var(--sg-line);align-items:center;gap:.8rem;margin-bottom:.9rem;padding:0 1.4rem 1.2rem;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.sg-brand .sg-pfp{border-radius:50%;width:30px;height:30px;display:block}.sg-brand .sg-t{letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--sg-lead);white-space:nowrap;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.98rem;font-weight:800}.sg-xlogo{vertical-align:-.12em;width:.95em;height:.95em;margin-left:.1em;display:inline-block}.sg-chap-group{margin-bottom:.15rem}a.sg-chap{color:var(--sg-muted);border-left:2px solid #0000;align-items:baseline;gap:.6rem;padding:.5rem 1.4rem;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:flex}a.sg-chap .sg-num{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--sg-faint);font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:500}a.sg-chap:hover{color:var(--sg-ink)}.sg-chap-group.active a.sg-chap{color:var(--sg-lead);border-left-color:var(--sg-accent)}.sg-subs{grid-template-rows:0fr;display:grid}.sg-chap-group.active .sg-subs{grid-template-rows:1fr}.sg-subs-inner{min-height:0;padding:0 0 .05rem;overflow:hidden}a.sg-sub{color:var(--sg-faint);padding:.16rem 1.4rem .16rem 3.1rem;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.74rem;text-decoration:none;display:block}a.sg-sub.active{color:var(--sg-accent)}.sg-main{margin-left:272px}.sg-content{max-width:46rem;margin:0 auto;padding:3.2rem 3rem 6rem}.sg-hero .sg-eyebrow{margin-bottom:1rem}.sg-hero h1{letter-spacing:-.03em;color:var(--sg-lead);text-wrap:balance;margin:0 0 1rem;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:2.9rem;font-weight:800;line-height:1.05}.sg-hero p{color:var(--sg-muted);max-width:34rem;margin:.3rem 0}.sg-eyebrow{color:var(--sg-accent);letter-spacing:.03em;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:600}.sg-chapter h2{letter-spacing:-.025em;color:var(--sg-lead);text-wrap:balance;margin:.4rem 0 1.4rem;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:2rem;font-weight:800}.sg-chapter h3{color:var(--sg-lead);letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:2.4rem 0 .9rem;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.06rem;font-weight:700}.sg-chapter ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.sg-chapter ul>li{border-left:2px solid var(--sg-line);margin-bottom:.35rem;padding:.85rem 0 .85rem 1.15rem}.sg-chapter ul>li:hover{border-left-color:var(--sg-accent);background:var(--sg-mark)}.sg-chapter ol{margin:.5rem 0 .2rem;padding-left:1.3rem;list-style:decimal}.sg-chapter ol li{margin-bottom:.35rem;padding-left:.2rem}.sg-chapter ol li::marker{color:var(--sg-accent);font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.85em;font-weight:600}.sg-chapter ul ul{margin-top:.4rem}.sg-chapter ul ul>li{border-left:1px solid var(--sg-line);padding:.3rem 0 .3rem .9rem}.sg-chapter code{background:var(--sg-surface);border:1px solid var(--sg-line);border-radius:3px;padding:.05em .3em;font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;font-size:.84em}.sg-chapter mark.dated{background:var(--sg-chip-bg);color:var(--sg-chip-ink);letter-spacing:.02em;vertical-align:baseline;border-radius:3px;margin-left:.25rem;padding:.14em .5em;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:500}.sg-theme-switch{z-index:20;background:var(--sg-surface);width:62px;height:30px;color:var(--sg-muted);border:1px solid var(--sg-line);cursor:pointer;border-radius:15px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:0 8px;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1;display:flex;position:fixed;top:1rem;right:1.2rem}.sg-theme-switch:hover{border-color:var(--sg-accent)}.sg-theme-switch:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--sg-accent);outline-offset:2px}.sg-switch-icon{pointer-events:none}.sg-switch-knob{background:var(--sg-accent);border-radius:50%;width:24px;height:24px;transition:transform .18s;position:absolute;top:2px;left:2px}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.sg-switch-knob{transition:none}}.sg-hamburger,.sg-backdrop,.sg-drawer-theme{display:none}@media (max-width:940px){.sg-side{z-index:30;scrollbar-width:thin;scroll-behavior:auto;overflow-anchor:none;box-shadow:none;transition:transform .22s;overflow:auto;transform:translate(-100%)}.signal-root.menu-open .sg-side{transform:none;box-shadow:0 0 40px #00000059}.sg-backdrop{z-index:25;background:#0a0e1273;display:block;position:fixed;inset:0}.sg-hamburger{z-index:40;background:var(--sg-surface);border:1px solid var(--sg-line);cursor:pointer;border-radius:50%;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;gap:4px;width:38px;height:38px;padding:0 9px;display:flex;position:fixed;top:1rem;left:1.2rem}.sg-hamburger span{background:var(--sg-ink);border-radius:1px;height:2px;display:block}.sg-hamburger:hover{border-color:var(--sg-accent)}.sg-hamburger:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--sg-accent);outline-offset:2px}.sg-main{margin-left:0}.sg-content{padding:4rem 1.3rem}.sg-theme-switch.sg-float{display:none}.sg-drawer-theme{border-top:1px solid var(--sg-line);color:var(--sg-muted);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-top:auto;padding:1rem 1.4rem 0;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;display:flex}.sg-drawer-theme .sg-theme-switch{position:relative;top:auto;right:auto}.sg-drawer-theme+.sg-cta{border-top:none;margin-top:.4rem;padding-top:.6rem}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.sg-side{transition:none}.signal-root{scroll-behavior:auto}}html:has(.signal-root){background:#0a0a0a}html:has(.signal-root) body{background:#0a0a0a}html[data-sg-theme=light]:has(.signal-root){background:#fff}html[data-sg-theme=light]:has(.signal-root) body{background:#fff}.sg-tool{border-left:2px solid var(--sg-line);margin-bottom:.9rem;padding:.85rem 0 .95rem 1.15rem}.sg-tool:hover{border-left-color:var(--sg-accent);background:var(--sg-mark)}.sg-tool-btn{border:1px solid var(--sg-line);background:var(--sg-surface);width:100%;color:var(--sg-lead);letter-spacing:-.01em;border-radius:10px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:.55rem;margin:0 0 .2rem;padding:.7rem .95rem;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .15s,background .15s;display:flex}.sg-tool-btn:hover{border-color:var(--sg-accent);background:var(--sg-mark)}.sg-tool-mark{flex:none;width:auto;height:1.15rem;display:block}.sg-tool-mark-badge{height:1.4rem}:root:not([data-sg-theme=light]) .sg-tool-mark:not(.sg-tool-mark-line) *{fill:#fafafa}.sg-chapter .sg-tool-why{color:var(--sg-ink);border:0;margin:.6rem 0 0;padding:0;font-style:italic}.sg-chapter li:has(a.sg-src){cursor:pointer}a.sg-src{color:var(--sg-faint);border:1px solid var(--sg-line);white-space:nowrap;border-radius:3px;margin-left:.3rem;padding:.05em .4em;font-family:-apple-system,Helvetica Neue,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:500;text-decoration:none}a.sg-src:hover{color:var(--sg-accent);border-color:var(--sg-accent)}.signal-root{--font-ui:var(--font-sans), ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--font-code:var(--font-mono), ui-monospace, Menlo, monospace;font-family:var(--font-ui);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-size:16px;line-height:1.75}.signal-root,.sg-side,.sg-cta a,.sg-tool-btn,.sg-theme-switch,.sg-dl,a.sg-chap,a.sg-sub{transition:background-color .15s,border-color .15s,color .15s}.signal-root *{box-shadow:none}.signal-root ::selection{background:var(--sg-surface-2);color:var(--sg-ink)}.signal-root a:focus-visible,.signal-root button:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--sg-line-strong);outline-offset:2px}.sg-brand .sg-t,a.sg-chap,a.sg-chap .sg-num,a.sg-sub,.sg-cta a,.sg-hero h1,.sg-eyebrow,.sg-chapter h2,.sg-chapter h3,.sg-chapter mark.dated,a.sg-src,.sg-tool-btn,.sg-drawer-theme,.sg-drawer-dl,.sg-dl{font-family:var(--font-ui)}.sg-chapter ol li::marker{font-family:var(--font-ui)}.sg-chapter code{font-family:var(--font-code)}.sg-side{background:var(--sg-bg);border-right:1px solid var(--sg-line);padding-top:1.25rem}.sg-brand{border-bottom:1px solid var(--sg-line);margin-bottom:.75rem;padding:0 1.25rem 1.1rem}.sg-brand .sg-t{letter-spacing:-.01em;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:600}.sg-brand:hover .sg-t{color:var(--sg-muted)}.sg-brand .sg-pfp{border:1px solid var(--sg-line)}.sg-nav-label{color:var(--sg-muted);padding:.4rem 1.25rem .5rem;font-size:.8rem}.sg-chap-group{margin:0 .75rem .1rem}a.sg-chap{color:var(--sg-ink);border:0;border-radius:6px;gap:.5rem;padding:.35rem .5rem;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400}a.sg-chap .sg-num{color:var(--sg-faint);font-size:.72rem;font-weight:400}a.sg-chap:hover{background:var(--sg-surface);color:var(--sg-ink)}.sg-chap-group.active a.sg-chap{background:var(--sg-surface-2);color:var(--sg-ink);font-weight:500}.sg-chap-group.active a.sg-chap .sg-num{color:var(--sg-muted)}a.sg-sub{color:var(--sg-muted);border-radius:6px;padding:.22rem .5rem .22rem 1.9rem;font-size:.8rem}a.sg-sub:hover{color:var(--sg-ink)}a.sg-sub.active{color:var(--sg-ink);font-weight:500}.sg-chap-group.active .sg-subs-inner{padding-bottom:.5rem}.sg-cta{padding:1rem 1.25rem 0}.sg-cta a{background:var(--sg-btn-bg);color:var(--sg-btn-ink);border:1px solid #0000;border-radius:8px;padding:.5rem .9rem;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;transition:opacity .15s}.sg-cta a:hover{filter:none;opacity:.9}.sg-tool-btn,.sg-dl,.sg-theme-switch{background:var(--sg-secondary-bg);color:var(--sg-ink);border:1px solid var(--sg-line);border-radius:8px}.sg-tool-btn:hover,.sg-dl:hover{background:var(--sg-secondary-hover);border-color:var(--sg-line-strong);color:var(--sg-ink);transform:none}.sg-tool-btn{letter-spacing:0;width:auto;margin-bottom:.5rem;padding:.45rem .85rem;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:500;display:inline-flex}.sg-dl{z-index:20;white-space:nowrap;align-items:center;height:32px;padding:0 .8rem;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:500;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex;position:fixed;top:1rem;right:calc(1.8rem + 62px)}.sg-theme-switch{width:62px;height:32px;color:var(--sg-muted);border-radius:16px}.sg-theme-switch:hover{border-color:var(--sg-line-strong);background:var(--sg-secondary-hover)}.sg-switch-knob{background:var(--sg-ink);width:24px;height:24px;top:3px;left:3px}.sg-theme-switch[aria-checked=true] .sg-switch-knob{transform:translate(32px)}.sg-hamburger{background:var(--sg-secondary-bg);border-color:var(--sg-line)}.sg-drawer-dl{display:none}@media (max-width:940px){.sg-dl.sg-float{display:none}.sg-drawer-dl{color:var(--sg-muted);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:.8rem 1.25rem 0;font-size:.85rem;display:flex}.sg-drawer-dl .sg-dl{position:static}.sg-drawer-theme{color:var(--sg-muted);padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem;font-weight:400}}.sg-content{max-width:48rem;padding-top:3.5rem}.sg-hero{margin-bottom:3rem}.sg-hero h1{letter-spacing:-.03em;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:2.4rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.15}.sg-hero p{color:var(--sg-muted);max-width:36rem;font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.65}.sg-hero p strong{color:var(--sg-ink);font-weight:500}.sg-eyebrow{letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;color:var(--sg-muted);font-size:.8rem;font-weight:400}.sg-chapter{border-top:1px solid var(--sg-line);margin-top:2.5rem;padding-top:2.5rem}.sg-chapter h2{letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:.25rem 0 1.25rem;font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:600}.sg-chapter h3{letter-spacing:-.015em;margin:2.25rem 0 .6rem;font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:600}.sg-chapter ul{margin:0 -.9rem;list-style:none}.sg-chapter ul>li{color:var(--sg-muted);border:0;border-radius:8px;margin:0;padding:1.35rem .9rem 1.4rem;line-height:1.7;transition:background-color .15s;position:relative}.sg-chapter ul>li+li:before{content:"";background:var(--sg-line);height:1px;position:absolute;top:0;left:.9rem;right:.9rem}.sg-chapter ul>li:hover{background:var(--sg-surface);border-color:#0000}.sg-chapter ul>li:hover:before,.sg-chapter ul>li:hover+li:before{opacity:0}.sg-chapter ul>li>p:first-child>strong:first-child,.sg-chapter ul>li>strong:first-child{color:var(--sg-ink);letter-spacing:-.01em;margin-bottom:.3rem;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.4;display:block}.sg-chapter ul>li>p{color:var(--sg-muted);margin:.7rem 0 0}.sg-chapter ul>li>p.sg-lesson-lead+p{margin-top:.3rem}.sg-chapter ul>li>p:first-child{margin-top:0}.sg-chapter ul>li>p.sg-lesson-lead,.sg-chapter ul>li>p em,.sg-chapter ul>li>p strong{color:var(--sg-ink)}.sg-chapter ul ul{margin:.5rem 0 0;padding:0}.sg-chapter ul ul>li{color:var(--sg-muted);border:0;border-radius:0;padding:.2rem 0 .2rem 1.1rem}.sg-chapter ul ul>li:before{content:"";background:var(--sg-faint);width:4px;height:1px;position:absolute;top:calc(.2rem + .8em);left:.1rem;right:auto;opacity:1!important}.sg-chapter ul ul>li:hover{background:0 0}.sg-chapter ul ul>li>p:first-child>strong:first-child,.sg-chapter ul ul>li>strong:first-child{font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;display:inline}.sg-chapter ul ul>li>p,.sg-chapter ol{color:var(--sg-muted)}.sg-chapter strong{color:var(--sg-ink);font-weight:600}.sg-chapter p{margin:.35rem 0}.sg-chapter ol li::marker{color:var(--sg-muted);font-weight:400}.sg-chapter code{background:var(--sg-surface-2);color:var(--sg-ink);border:0;border-radius:4px;padding:.12em .35em;font-size:.85em}.sg-chapter mark.dated{background:var(--sg-chip-bg);color:var(--sg-chip-ink);letter-spacing:0;border:0;border-radius:4px;padding:.1em .45em;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:400}a.sg-src{color:var(--sg-faint);border:1px solid var(--sg-line);background:0 0;border-radius:4px;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:400}a.sg-src:hover{color:var(--sg-ink);border-color:var(--sg-line-strong);background:0 0}.sg-tool{border:1px solid var(--sg-line);background:var(--sg-surface);border-left-width:1px;border-radius:12px;margin:0 0 .85rem;padding:1.1rem 1.25rem 1.2rem}.sg-tool:hover{background:var(--sg-surface);border-color:var(--sg-line)}:root:not([data-sg-theme=light]) .sg-tool-btn .sg-tool-mark:not(.sg-tool-mark-line) *{fill:#fafafa}.sg-chapter .sg-tool-what{color:var(--sg-ink);margin:.6rem 0 .2rem}.sg-chapter .sg-tool-what strong{font-weight:600}.sg-chapter .sg-tool-why{color:var(--sg-muted);margin-top:.5rem;font-style:normal}html:has(.signal-root){scrollbar-color:#333 transparent}html[data-sg-theme=light]:has(.signal-root){scrollbar-color:#d4d4d4 transparent}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.signal-root,.sg-side,.sg-cta a,.sg-tool-btn,.sg-theme-switch,.sg-dl,a.sg-chap,a.sg-sub{transition:none}}.sg-topbar{display:none}@media (max-width:940px){.sg-topbar{z-index:40;background:var(--sg-bg);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;height:56px;padding:0 .9rem 0 .75rem;display:flex;position:fixed;inset:0 0 auto}.sg-hamburger{width:auto;height:40px;font-family:var(--font-ui);color:var(--sg-ink);background:0 0;border:0;border-radius:8px;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;gap:.7rem;padding:0 .5rem;font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:600;display:inline-flex;position:static}.sg-hamburger:hover{background:0 0;border-color:#0000}.sg-hamburger>span{background:0 0;height:auto}.sg-hamburger .sg-hamburger-icon{background:0 0;width:18px;height:12px;display:block;position:relative}.sg-hamburger-icon span{background:var(--sg-ink);border-radius:1px;height:1.6px;transition:transform .25s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);display:block;position:absolute;left:0;right:0}.sg-hamburger-icon span:first-child{top:2px}.sg-hamburger-icon span:nth-child(2){bottom:2px}.sg-hamburger[aria-expanded=true] .sg-hamburger-icon span:first-child{transform:translateY(3.2px)rotate(45deg)}.sg-hamburger[aria-expanded=true] .sg-hamburger-icon span:nth-child(2){transform:translateY(-3.2px)rotate(-45deg)}.sg-topbar-actions{align-items:center;gap:.7rem;display:flex}.sg-topbar-theme{width:36px;height:36px;color:var(--sg-ink);background:0 0;border:0;border-radius:8px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;padding:0;display:inline-flex}.sg-topbar-theme svg{width:20px;height:20px}.sg-topbar-sep{background:var(--sg-line-strong);width:1px;height:22px}.signal-root .sg-topbar-cta{background:var(--sg-btn-bg);height:34px;color:var(--sg-btn-ink);white-space:nowrap;border-radius:8px;align-items:center;padding:0 .8rem;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:500;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.sg-side{background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--sg-bg) 82%, transparent);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(14px);backdrop-filter:blur(14px);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;border-right:0;width:auto;padding:1.25rem 1.1rem 1.5rem;transition:opacity .2s,visibility 0s linear .2s;inset:56px 0 0;transform:none}.signal-root.menu-open .sg-side{opacity:1;visibility:visible;box-shadow:none;transition:opacity .2s}.sg-backdrop,.sg-side .sg-brand{display:none}.sg-nav-label{padding:.5rem .4rem .6rem;font-size:.85rem}.sg-chap-group{margin:0}a.sg-chap{letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--sg-ink);background:0 0;padding:.55rem .4rem;font-size:1.6rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25}a.sg-chap:hover,.sg-chap-group.active a.sg-chap{background:0 0;font-weight:500}a.sg-chap .sg-num{display:none}a.sg-sub{padding:.3rem .4rem;font-size:1.05rem}.sg-content{padding-top:5rem}.sg-drawer-theme,.sg-side .sg-cta{display:none}.sg-drawer-dl{border-top:1px solid var(--sg-line);margin-top:auto;padding:1rem .4rem 0}.signal-root .sg-drawer-follow{color:var(--sg-ink);font-size:.95rem;font-weight:500;text-decoration:none}.sg-drawer-follow .sg-xlogo{width:.95em;height:.95em}}